The Yoga of Royal Knowledge and Royal Secret

Krishna reveals the universality of devotion: 'Māṁ hi pārtha vyapāśritya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ'—O Arjuna (pārtha), those who (ye api), having taken refuge in (vyapāśritya) Me (mām), may be (syuḥ) of sinful birth (pāpa-yonayaḥ). 'Striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti parāṁ gatim'—women (striyaḥ), merchants (vaiśyāḥ), and also (tathā) laborers (śūdrāḥ), they (te api) also (api) attain (yānti) the supreme destination (parām gatim). This reveals the universality of devotion: it's accessible to all, regardless of birth, gender, or social status. Those of sinful birth, women, merchants, laborers—all can attain the supreme destination through devotion. This is the supremacy of devotion: it doesn't discriminate—it's accessible to all. This is why devotion is superior: it's universal, not limited by birth, gender, or social status. This is the Supreme's inclusivity: devotion is for everyone.