The Yoga of Knowledge and Renunciation of Action

Krishna describes breath control (pranayama) as a form of sacrifice. 'Apāne juhvati prāṇaṁ' (offering in-breath into out-breath) means some practitioners focus on exhalation. 'Prāṇe 'pānaṁ' (offering out-breath into in-breath) means others focus on inhalation. 'Prāṇāpānagatī ruddhvā' (restraining the flow) means controlling both breaths, holding, suspending. This verse shows that pranayama (breath control) is a form of yajna—when you control breath consciously, it becomes offering rather than automatic function. Breath control isn't just physical exercise—it's a form of sacrifice that transforms the relationship with the body and mind. This verse continues the theme that different practices can be forms of sacrifice when done with the right attitude.