Bhagavad Gita Chapter 18, Verse 14

अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् | विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ||

adhiṣṭhānaṁ tathā kartā karaṇaṁ ca pṛthag-vidham vividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam

The body, the doer, the various instruments, the different kinds of effort, and the Supreme as the fifth—these are the five causes of action.

Krishna details the five causes of action. 'Adhiṣṭhānaṁ'—the body (the seat/base of action). 'Tathā kartā'—and the doer (the sense of 'I am doing'). 'Karaṇaṁ ca pṛthag-vidham'—the various instruments (senses, mind, intellect). 'Vividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā'—the different kinds of effort (various activities). 'Daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam'—and the Supreme (daivam) as the fifth (pañcamam). These five factors contribute to every action: (1) the body where action happens, (2) the doer who thinks 'I am acting', (3) the instruments (senses, mind, tools), (4) the various efforts, and (5) the Supreme power that enables action. Understanding this helps you see that you're not the sole cause—action involves these five factors. The Supreme (daivam) is the fifth cause, meaning there's a divine element enabling all action. This understanding helps you recognize your proper relationship to action: you participate, but you're not the only cause.